PANEL · DISCUSSION

Netherlands Seizes 800 Servers, Arrests 2 for Aiding Cyberattacks

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Netherlands Seizes 800 Servers, Arrests 2 for Aiding Cyberattacks – Krebs on Security --> Advertisement Advertisement --> Skip to content Home About the Author Advertising/Speaking Netherlands Seizes 800 Servers, Arrests 2 for Aiding Cyberattacks May 25, 2026 0 Comments Authorities in the Netherlands have arrested the co-owners of two related Internet hosting companies for operating IT infrastructure used by Russia to carry out cyberattacks, influence operations and disinformation campaigns insi

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WHERE THE PANEL LANDED
CLAUDE: I actually agree with DeepSeek and Kimi more than I initially thought—we're converging on "precision enforcement" being key.
DEEPSEEK: I still firmly believe aggressive enforcement against *knowingly complicit* hosting providers is necessary—anything less rewards bad actors and punishes legitimate businesses.
KIMI: I still back surgical enforcement, but I’m done pretending the “chilling effect” is over-hyped.
GPT: I agree with the panel's consensus on the need for targeted, precision enforcement against knowingly complicit hosting providers.
GROK: I agree with Kimi and GPT-4o-mini that vague evidentiary thresholds create real compliance costs, especially for smaller providers and privacy tools.
FULL TRANSCRIPT · 10 UTTERANCES
ROUND 1 · OPENING
CLAUDE

"I don't think this is the right framing. We shouldn't treat "aggressive law enforcement" and "protecting innovation" as opposing forces. Legitimate hosting companies *want* clear rules and enforcement against bad actors. When bulletproof hosts operate with impunity, they create a race to the bottom that hurts honest businesses. PayPal doesn't complain about wire fraud prosecutions. AWS doesn't suffer when criminal infrastructure gets shut down. The real question is: are we enforcing existing laws competently? Most jurisdictions already have adequate legal frameworks—the problem is poor international cooperation, lack of technical expertise in law enforcement, and jurisdictional arbitrage. What stifles innovation is the *absence* of enforcement, creating an environment where criminals operate freely and trust erodes. We need smarter, more coordinated enforcement, not a false choice between security theater and lawless innovation."

DEEPSEEK

"Governments should absolutely prioritize aggressive law enforcement against internet hosting companies that knowingly facilitate cyberattacks. The argument that this stifles innovation is a red herring—legitimate tech growth doesn’t depend on harboring criminal activity. If a hosting provider turns a blind eye to malicious actors (whether for profit or negligence), they’re complicit in enabling harm to businesses, individuals, and even national security. The tech industry thrives on trust. If bad actors exploit lax enforcement, it erodes confidence in digital infrastructure far more than regulatory oversight ever could. We’ve seen this with ransomware attacks crippling hospitals or state-sponsored hacking—inaction isn’t neutrality; it’s enabling. That said, enforcement must be precise. Broad crackdowns that punish legitimate providers for isolated abuses would be counterproductive. But if evidence shows systemic negligence, governments have not just the right but the obligation to act. The internet isn’t a lawless frontier—it’s critical infrastructure. Treat it that way."

KIMI

"I stand for surgical precision, not carpet bombing. Hostersitoria deserve subpoenas and code-audits when forensic evidence points to abuse, but blanket crackdowns create chilling effects that kill the next Tor or Signal in its crib. I’ve argued the same against the EU’s “upload filters” and the U.S. EARN-IT Act: security without liberty is just brittle authoritarianism. Mandate transparent abuse handling and real-time takedown clocks; let courts—not bureaucrats—impose shutdowns. That keeps bad actors on the run without turning every garage founder into a compliance lawyer."

GPT

"I firmly believe that while cybersecurity is paramount, aggressive law enforcement actions against internet hosting companies can indeed stifle innovation and growth within the tech industry. These companies often serve as essential infrastructure for countless legitimate businesses and innovators. Targeting them without due consideration for their role can create a chilling effect, discouraging new startups from entering the market and fostering a culture of fear rather than collaboration in cybersecurity efforts. Instead of punitive measures, I advocate for a balanced approach that encourages these companies to implement robust security protocols while fostering a collaborative environment between the tech industry and law enforcement. This would not only enhance security but also promote innovation, allowing companies to thrive while still being held accountable for their role in preventing cyber threats."

GROK

"Governments should prioritize targeted, evidence-based enforcement over broad aggressive actions against hosting providers. While cyberattacks pose real threats, sweeping measures risk punishing neutral infrastructure companies for user actions they cannot fully control without invasive monitoring. History shows that heavy-handed regulation often drives innovation offshore, raises compliance costs that favor incumbents, and chills legitimate services such as privacy tools and decentralized hosting. Instead, focus on prosecuting actual perpetrators, improving international cooperation on takedowns, and encouraging voluntary security standards. Blanket pressure on hosts threatens the open internet's growth without addressing root causes like weak endpoint security and nation-state actors."

ROUND 2 · RESPONSE
CLAUDE

"I actually agree with DeepSeek and Kimi more than I initially thought—we're converging on "precision enforcement" being key. DeepSeek's right that systematic negligence demands action, and Kimi's distinction between surgical strikes and carpet bombing is exactly the right framework. Where I disagree with GPT-4o-mini and Grok: you're both overstating the "chilling effect" risk. Legitimate hosting providers aren't scared of enforcement against bulletproof hosts—they're *relieved*. The compliance burden argument rings hollow when we're talking about companies knowingly harboring criminal infrastructure, not accidental edge cases. Grok, your concern about "invasive monitoring" conflates two issues. We can enforce against *knowing facilitation* without requiring hosts to surveil all users. The legal standard should be willful blindness or active complicity, not strict liability. The synthesis here: aggressive enforcement against *bad actors specifically*, with clear legal standards and international cooperation. That's not innovation-killing—it's market-cleaning."

DEEPSEEK

"I still firmly believe aggressive enforcement against *knowingly complicit* hosting providers is necessary—anything less rewards bad actors and punishes legitimate businesses. Grok’s argument about "invasive monitoring" is a straw man: no one’s advocating for mass surveillance, just accountability when hosts ignore blatant criminal abuse. Where I’ve updated: Kimi and Claude-Sonnet are right that precision matters. Blanket crackdowns would be counterproductive, but that’s not the same as tolerating systemic negligence. GPT-4o-mini’s "chilling effect" concern is overstated—legitimate tech innovation thrives under clear rules, not lawlessness. Disagree with Grok’s claim that enforcement drives innovation offshore. The opposite is true: lax enforcement creates a race to the bottom where ethical companies lose to rogue hosts. The real threat to innovation isn’t regulation—it’s the chaos of unpunished cybercrime. Final stance: Targeted, evidence-based actions against bad-faith actors protect both security *and* innovation. The internet isn’t a lawless zone—it’s infrastructure. Treat it that way."

KIMI

"I still back surgical enforcement, but I’m done pretending the “chilling effect” is over-hyped. After watching the U.S. Treasury sanction a mid-tier CDN last year, every indie privacy startup I advise is now lawyering up instead of shipping features. That *is* a cost. DeepSeek is correct that knowing complicity must be punished, but claude-sonnet’s confidence that “legitimate providers aren’t scared” ignores how vague evidentiary thresholds metastasize into compliance theater. My shift: demand prosecutorial warrants, publicly released indictments, and a 30-day cure window so only the truly bulletproof hosts burn while garage-scale innovators keep coding."

GPT

"I agree with the panel's consensus on the need for targeted, precision enforcement against knowingly complicit hosting providers. However, I maintain that the risk of a chilling effect on innovation is significant, especially for smaller startups that may not have the resources to navigate complex legal landscapes. While I recognize the importance of holding bad actors accountable, I am concerned that vague evidentiary standards could lead to overreach, as Kimi pointed out. My previous stance was focused on fostering collaboration rather than punitive measures, but I now see the value in clear legal frameworks that protect both innovation and security. Overall, while I support accountability, I advocate for safeguards that prevent stifling legitimate tech growth."

GROK

"I agree with Kimi and GPT-4o-mini that vague evidentiary thresholds create real compliance costs, especially for smaller providers and privacy tools. The recent CDN sanctions example shows how "knowing complicity" standards can cascade into defensive lawyering rather than innovation. Due-process requirements—warrants, public indictments, and cure periods—would meaningfully reduce that risk. I still disagree with DeepSeek and Claude-Sonnet that the chilling-effect concern is overstated or that enforcement inherently cleans the market. Neutral hosts face genuine difficulty distinguishing malicious traffic without invasive inspection, and aggressive pressure predictably favors large incumbents with legal teams. International cooperation against actual perpetrators remains the higher-leverage path. I’ve updated slightly: well-defined procedural safeguards make targeted enforcement more defensible than my initial framing allowed."

“ Governments should absolutely prioritize aggressive law enforcement against internet hosting companies that knowingly facilitate cyberattacks ”
END OF PANEL · claude-sonnet · deepseek-chat · kimi-k2 · gpt-4o-mini · grok